A sensor package for the simultaneous determination of nanomolar concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia in seawater by fluorescence detection   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Robert T. Masserini Jr.  Kent A. Fanning 《Marine Chemistry》2000,68(4):1421

A fluorescence-based chemistry has been developed for the detection of nitrite and nitrate (as excess nitrite following reduction of nitrate to nitrite). Detection limits are 4.6 and 6.9 nM, respectively. The technique capitalizes on the triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms within the diazonium ion formed via the well-known reaction between an acidified nitrite sample and an aromatic primary amine. Fluorescence of π-electrons within this bond allows this reaction to be probed with standard fluorescence spectroscopy. Reverse Flow Injection Analysis (rFIA) is used to correct for background fluorescence from leachates and naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM). Comparisons of samples analyzed for nitrite with this technique and with a highly-sensitive chemiluminescent method [Braman, R.S., Hendrix, S.A., 1989. Nanogram nitrite and nitrate determination in environmental and biological materials by vanadium (III) reduction with chemiluminescence detection. Analytical Chemistry, 61 (24) 2716–2718] showed excellent agreement between the two methods (slope=0.9996 and r²=0.9956). These fluorescent nitrite and nitrate + nitrite chemistries were coupled in a sensor package with a modified version of a fluorescent ammonia chemistry [Jones, R.D., 1991. An improved fluorescence method for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of ammonia in natural waters, Limnology and Oceanography. 36(4) 814–819], which also has a nanomolar detection limit. The throughput rate of the fully automated three-channel instrumentation is 18 samples per hour. A field experiment demonstrated the capability of the nutrient sensor package to determine horizontal gradients in nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia in oligotrophic surface waters.  相似文献   

不同温度条件下褐菖鲇幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率     

邱成功  徐善良  林少珍  程亮  刘飞 《台湾海峡》2014,(1):84-89

利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度（10、12、……、30℃）条件下褐菖鼬（Sebastiscus marmoratus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化．结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响（P〈0．05）．温度10～30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0．02～0．30mg／（g·h）和2．64～10．01ug／（g·h）,温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15．00、3．79倍;温度（F）对幼鱼耗氧率R0[mg／（g·h）]和排氨率RN[ug／（g·h）]的影响可分别用多项式表示：R0=-2．00×10^-5 T4＋1．50×10^-3 T3-3．69×10^-2 T2＋0．3978T-1．5376,R2=0．988和RN=3．00×10^-5 T6 -4．00×10^-3 T5＋0．1996 T4-5．1111T3＋70．817T2-501．10T＋1415．80,R2=0．964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0．02～0．19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5．64％～56．65％,平均蛋白质供能比为22．56％;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4．02,18～28℃代谢率Q10值为2．81±0．09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0．93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍．因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅．此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18～28℃．  相似文献   

盐度和规格对波纹巴非蛤Paphia undulate耗氧率和排氨率的影响     

李俊辉  刘红礼  杜晓东  王庆恒 《海洋学研究》2011,29(4):95-99

2007年3月,将采集于湛江雷州的波纹巴非蛤Paphia undulate,根据其个体大小分为A组和B组,外壳长度分别为(4.51±0.17)cm和(3.69±0.11) cm,并采用Winkler碘量法和次溴酸盐氧化法分别测定了其单位质量的耗氧率、排氨率及其氧氮比(O∶N),研究了盐度和规格对波纹巴非蛤代谢的影响.实...  相似文献   

盐度对毛蚶(Arca subcrenata Lischke)呼吸与代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史宝  徐涛  马甡 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(1):104-108

在实验室的条件下.研究盐度(16、24、32、40)对不同规格(A:(50.79±3.24)cm,B:(42.24±0.78)cm,C:(34.82±1.51)cm)的毛蚶(Arca subcrenata Lischke)耗氧率(R_0)(mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1))、排氨率(R_n)(μg·g~(-1)·h~(-1))的影响。实验表明:在实验盐度(16～40)范围内,毛蚶的耗氧率(R_0)和排氨率(R_n)与软组织干质量(0.27～1.81g)呈幂指数关系,符合公式R= aW~b,其单位体重的耗氧率和排氨率在盐度为32时达到最大,而后随着盐度的升高其值逐渐减小。  相似文献   

Comparison of precipitation and land runoff as sources of estuarine nitrogen     

David L. Correll  Deborah Ford 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(1):45-56

The seasonal and year-to-year variation of bulk precipitation as a source of total N, nitrate and ammonia is reported for a 7-year period at the Rhode River, a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. These values are placed in perspective by comparison with analogous nitrogen loading due to watershed discharges.Although year-to-year variations were important, in an average year about the same amount of readily available nitrogen entered the system via precipitation as entered in land runoff and, during the summer and fall, precipitation was the largest source.  相似文献   

赣江下游污染负荷与水质响应关系模型          下载免费PDF全文

周刚  黑鹏飞  雷坤  富国  乔飞 《水科学进展》2013,24(6):883-893

为了研究赣江下游入河污染物对河流水质的影响,建立了基于WASP（Water quality Analysis Simulation Program）模型富营养化原理和ELADI（Eulerian-Lagrangian Alternating Direction Implicit Method）有限差分方法的正交曲线平面二维水环境模型WESC2D（Two-Dimensional Water Environment Simulation Code）。模型采用基于双线性插值及亚网格技术的欧拉-拉格朗日方法求解对流项,在简单的浓度峰输运和赣江下游溶解氧变化过程算例检验的基础上,计算与分析了赣江下游入河排污口氨氮污染负荷与水质之间的动态响应关系。模拟与分析结果表明,WESC2D模型的计算结果与解析解吻合良好,有效地减少了欧拉-拉格朗日方法的数值耗散,并为赣江下游污染负荷与水质响应关系计算提供了重要工具。  相似文献   

温度和体质量对光裸星虫排氨率和耗氧率的影响     

逯云召  王庆恒  杜晓东 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(1):87-91

采用实验生态学方法,比较了温度和体质量对光裸星虫排氨率和耗氧率的影响,按光裸星虫湿体质量设立了大规格(L组)、中规格(M组)和小规格(S组)3组,设立10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃共5个温度梯度。结果表明:(1)在15℃～25℃,3种规格的星虫的耗氧率都随温度的升高而增加,当温度升至30℃时,S组的耗氧率继续随温度的升高而增加,而L组和M组的耗氧率则出现下降的趋势。在相同温度条件下(10℃除外),3种规格的星虫耗氧率比较为:S组>L组>M组,在10℃条件下各组间的耗氧率无显著性差异(p>0.05),在温度15℃～30℃各组间的耗氧率存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。(2)在温度10℃～30℃,三种规格的星虫的排氨率都随着温度的升高而增加。在相同的温度条件下,3种规格的星虫排氨率比较为:S组>L组>M组,在10℃条件下,各组间的排氨率无显著性差异(p>0.05),在15℃～30℃时,各组间的排氨率存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。(3)方差分析结果表明,温度,体质量以及相互作用均对耗氧率和排氨率存在显著性影响(p<0.05)。  相似文献   

湿地土壤NH3挥发、N2O释放过程及影响因素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙志高  刘景双  于君宝  衣华鹏 《湿地科学》2008,6(3)

湿地土壤NH3挥发及N2O释放过程与氮的气态损失密切相关,其对于氮循环的生态意义重大。综述了湿地土壤NH3挥发、N2O释放过程及影响因素的研究动态。当前湿地土壤NH3挥发及N2O释放研究主要集中在挥发／释放特征与一般影响因素的探讨上。影响湿地土壤NH3挥发及N2O释放的因素主要包括土壤理化学性质、环境因素、水文过程、生物群落和人类活动等。鉴于当前相关研究中存在的问题,在今后研究中应亟需加强的领域包括：①NH3挥发及N2O释放的驱动机制;②NH3挥发及N2O释放应用模型表征;③全球变暖、降水改变等对NH3挥发及N2O释放过程的影响;④人类活动对NH3挥发及N2O释放过程的作用机制。  相似文献   

Further records of Craspedacusta sowerbyi lankester in north island lakes (note)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

G. R. Fish 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):573-574

Collections of mature medusae from Lake Rotoiti proved all to be male and provide further evidence that the origin of the species in New Zealand was from a very limited introduction.  相似文献   

Thermal constraints on the respiration and excretion rates of krill,Euphausia hanseni and Nematoscelis megalops,in the northern Benguela upwelling system off Namibia     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):391-399

Rates of respiration and ammonia excretion of Euphausia hanseni and Nematoscelis megalops were determined experimentally at four temperatures representative of conditions encountered by these euphausiid species in the northern Benguela upwelling environment. The respiration rate increased from 7.7 µmol O₂ h^?1 g_ww ^?1 at 5 °C to 18.1 µmol O₂ h^?1 g_ww ^?1 at 20 °C in E. hanseni and from 7.0 µmol O₂ h^?1 g_ww ^?1 (5 °C) to 23.4 µmol O₂ h^?1 g_ww ^?1 (20 °C) in N. megalops. The impact of temperature on oxygen uptake of the two species differed significantly. Nematoscelis megalops showed thermal adaptations to temperatures between 5 °C and 10 °C (Q₁₀ = 1.9) and metabolic constraint was evident at higher temperatures (Q₁₀ = 2.6). In contrast, E. hanseni showed adaptations to temperatures of 10–20 °C (Q₁₀ = 1.5) and experienced metabolic depression below 10 °C (Q₁₀ = 2.6). Proteins were predominantly metabolised by E. hanseni in contrast to lipids by N. megalops. Carbon demand of N. megalops between 5 and 15 °C was lower than in E. hanseni versus equal food requirements at 20 °C. It is concluded that the two species display different physiological adaptations, based on their respective temperature adaptations, which are mirrored in their differential vertical positioning in the water column.  相似文献